The European Commission has added Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Panama and other jurisdictions to a blacklist of nations seen as posing a threat because of lax controls on terrorism financing and money laundering, the EU executive said on Wednesday.
The list now includes 23 jurisdictions, up from 16, with the commission saying it added jurisdictions with “strategic deficiencies in their anti-money laundering and countering terrorist financing regimes”, according to Reuters.
Also, newcomers to the list are Libya, Botswana, Ghana, Samoa, the Bahamas and the four United States territories of American Samoa, US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and Guam.
The other listed countries are Afghanistan, North Korea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia and Yemen.
Bosnia, Guyana, Laos, Uganda and Vanuatu were removed.
The move is said to be part of a crackdown on money laundering after several scandals at EU banks but has been criticised by several EU countries, including Britain, worried about their economic relations with the listed countries, notably Saudi Arabia.
Panama was reported to have said that it should be removed from the list because it recently adopted stronger rules against money laundering.
Despite pressure to exclude Saudi Arabia from the list, the commission decided to list the kingdom.
Apart from reputational damage, inclusion on the list complicates financial relations with the EU. The bloc’s banks will have to carry out additional checks on payments involving entities from listed jurisdictions.
The 28 EU member states now have one month, which can be extended to two, to endorse the list. They could reject it by qualified majority.
The EU Justice Commissioner, Vera Jourova, who proposed the list, was quoted as saying at a news conference that she was confident states would not block it.
She said it was urgent to act because “risks spread like wildfire in the banking sector.”
Britain, which plans to leave the EU on March 29, said on Wednesday that the list could “confuse businesses” because it diverges from a smaller listing compiled by its Financial Action Task Force, which is the global standard-setter for anti-money laundering.
The FATF list includes 12 jurisdictions – all on the EU blacklist – but excludes Saudi Arabia, Panama and US territories. The FATF will update its list next week.
Criteria used to blacklist countries include weak sanctions against money laundering and terrorism financing, insufficient cooperation with the EU on the matter and lack of transparency about the beneficial owners of companies and trusts.
Five of the listed countries are already included on a separate EU blacklist of tax havens. They are Samoa, Trinidad and Tobago and the three US territories of American Samoa, Guam and US Virgin Islands.
Jourova said the commission would continue monitoring other jurisdictions not yet listed. Among the states that will be closely monitored are the United States and Russia.
London has led a pushback against the EU list in past days, and at closed-door meetings urged the exclusion of Saudi Arabia, EU sources told Reuters.
The oil-rich kingdom is a major importer of goods and weapons from the EU. Several top British banks have operations there. Royal Bank of Scotland is the European bank with the largest turnover in Saudi Arabia, with around 150 million euros ($169.28m) in 2015, according to public data.
HSBC is Europe’s most successful bank in Riyadh. It booked profits of 450 million euros in 2015 in the kingdom but disclosed no turnover and has no employees there, according to public data released under EU rules.
“The UK will continue to work with the commission to ensure that the list that comes into force provides certainty to businesses and is as effective as possible at tackling illicit finance,” a British Treasury spokesman was quoted as saying.